Research Ambition an International Multidisciplinary e-Journal

Muslim Saints In Mughal Miniatures (16th -17th Centuries)

Dr. Abdul Munim — 2016-11-30

The life of the Muslim saints, their spiritual activities and contacts with the people has been penned down by scholars as well as by the Sufis themselves. Paintings belonging to 16th -17th centuries give a broader picture of the lives of the Muslim saints or dervishes, their abodes khanqahs, contacts with the rulers, nobles and common men. In this paper an attempt has been made to sketch the lives of the Muslim saints during the 16th – 17th centuries on the basis of the pictographic study of the Mughal miniatures reproduced in albums and other important works.

Hindu Saints In Mughal Paintings

Abdul Munim — 2017-02-28

The miniature paintings, which are unique among survivals of Indian art for its inscribed portraits of Saints (Yogis and Sannyasis) who can be identified as historical, legendary or symbolic figures associated with the un-orthodox, electric movements of medieval Hinduism, expressions of popular religious beliefs and practices of the Indian masses - which thrived in the Mughal India during 16thand 17th centuries.
Pictorial art, though important, and sometimes indispensable in constructing history of past yet remains to be examined. Pictorial representation, especially those bearing the stamp of realism, deserves utmost attention of historians. They acquire greater important from the fact that in them one has visual information of what we may not ordinarily get in chronicles. In many instances the descriptions are very details and frank. The Mughal painter was not primary concerned with portrayal of the common peoples: Numerous Mughal painting exhibit outdoor scene (such as the remote landscape for background) that evinces a scope large enough to cover the various aspects of commoner’s life. The depiction of ascetics was a major theme of the Mughal painting. They appear in their natural surroundings in an unidealizes setting. The Dervishes, hermits are truthfully depicted wandering or in groups. We find that picturization of their ways and means of living; sartorial habits etc. are in conformity with the contemporary textual evidence concerning them.

Technology and Social Change among Farmers: An Analytical Study

Sudhir Kumar — 2026-05-30

This article focuses on the how technology help to social change among farmers and rural society because technology is a part of the being of man, technology and science are thus inevitable partners in a social system. Without understanding the existential reality (Science) one cannot hope to create blue prints of altering it as a part of one's 'tactics of living' (technology). A survey of farmers was carried out with the help of an interview schedule. Farmers are using new varieties of seeds. Economically well off and socially well-placed farmers and backward class farmers with big landholdings had shown higher levels of adoption small farmers were gradually picking up the new agricultural techniques.

A Study on the Right to Quick and Equitable Trial with Reference to the Constitution of India

Chanchal Khatri — 2026-05-30

It is important that every person is heard in order for the justice system to function effectively. It also results in significant financial loss and psychological suffering. The protection of this right in India is examined in this research paper. It examines significant court decisions that influence the operation of our legal system. Large case backups, a shortage of judges, and protracted investigation delays are among the major issues covered in the paper. The study examines government initiatives to expedite justice as well as procedural laws. It concludes that an equitable trial must be a fair trial as well. This implies that everyone must be treated equally by the legal system, regardless of their financial situation. The laws of India and other nations are compared in this paper. It offers suggestions for resolving court delays. Lastly, it displays.

Feminist Resistance in the Poetry of Imtiaz Dharker: An Analytical study

Tariq Ahmad Shah — 2026-05-30

Imtiaz Dharkr’s feminist stance is revealed in her prose and poetical writings in which she highlights the anguish and anxiety of Indian continent women caught in the morass of affected conventions social and familial. But at the first instance she portrays her own joys and sorrows, anguish and anxiety that she herself experienced in different situations of her diaspora life. She is a sensitive soul recording in her poetry and drawings all the intimations of wrong and turbulence that she feels she underwent through her life in exile. What distinguishes her writings is her ability to transform her personal feminine stance into something general, to give a universal colouring to her personal pain of diasporic life. Her anguished affirmation of independence is available in her hand drawn drawings upon her poetry books. Her quest for identity is directly the progeny of an old social set up, oriented towards the total annihilation of the feminine personality in different shapes particularly in the form of religion. Religion and diaspra feelings are, no doubt, the leitmotif of her poetry but the depth of her distress seems to have left a constant sting in her soul, and that does invest her identity with a certain tincture of pangs. This research paper argues that Dharker’s poetry is not merely an expression of personal Feministic emotions; it is a literary strategy of resistance. Her poetry transforms private experiences into collective voices of women seeking dignity, independence and recognition.

Social Media and Youth Employment Opportunities in the Contemporary Scenario: A Socio-Legal Study

Kanchan Suryavanshi — 2026-05-30

In the present digital era, social media has become an integral part of young people's lives. It is no longer merely a medium of communication but has emerged as a significant platform for employment, education, entrepreneurship, and skill development. The present study aims to analyze the relationship between social media and youth employment opportunities from both social and legal perspectives. Previous studies indicate that the effective use of social media enhances employment prospects; however, adequate research on this relationship remains limited, particularly in resource-constrained countries. This study seeks to address this research gap.

Digital platforms such as YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and other online media have created new employment opportunities for young people through online education, skill training, self-employment, digital marketing, freelancing, and content creation. Particularly in rural areas, government initiatives such as **Digital India**, the **Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan (PMGDISHA)**, and **Common Service Centres (CSCs)** have played a crucial role in expanding internet access and promoting digital literacy, thereby connecting youth with modern employment opportunities.

From a social perspective, social media has strengthened young people's social capital by enhancing networking opportunities and improving access to information. From a legal perspective, it has also highlighted significant issues relating to digital rights, cybersecurity, privacy protection, and the regulation of online work environments. The findings of the study demonstrate that social media has opened new dimensions of employment and provided young people with opportunities to showcase their talents on a global platform. With appropriate guidance, enhanced digital literacy, and effective legal regulation, social media can serve as a powerful instrument for youth empowerment, social inclusion, and sustainable economic development.

The Importance and Utility of Counsellors Appointed Under the Family Courts Act, 1984: An Analytical Study

Sarita Rajani — 2026-05-30

The Family Courts Act, 1984 aims to establish a judicial system for the resolution of family disputes that extends beyond a purely legal approach by giving due importance to social and humanitarian values. Family disputes are inherently complex, as they involve several sensitive aspects, including marital relationships, emotional stress, social circumstances, and the welfare of children. In such situations, counsellors appointed by the court play a significant role in facilitating communication between the disputing parties, fostering mutual understanding, and promoting amicable settlement of conflicts.
This study presents a critical analysis of the functions, responsibilities, and utility of counsellors appointed under the Family Courts Act, 1984. It examines how counsellors contribute to making the judicial process more effective, humane, and result-oriented. The research also evaluates the practical challenges faced by the counselling system in Family Courts, such as the shortage of trained counsellors, procedural delays, and inadequate resources.
The study reveals that counsellors not only facilitate the amicable resolution of disputes but also make a significant contribution to maintaining the stability of the family institution and promoting social harmony. Therefore, strengthening the role of counsellors is essential for enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of the functioning of Family Courts.

Reimagining Women: A Socio-Cultural Reading of the Selected Plays of Girish Karnad

Sonu Kumar Mishra — 2026-02-28

This article seeks to investigate Girish Karnad’s role in reconfiguring traditional narratives as vehicles of exploring the socio-cultural status of women in Indian societies. Through a text-based analysis of selected plays, Yayati, Hayavadana, Naga-Mandala, Tughlaq, and The Fire and the Rain, this article illustrates how Karnad uses myths, folklore, and historical events to fashion creative narratives discussing the concepts of womanhood, morality, and patriarchal norms. The women in Karnad’s narratives emerge as strategic actors navigating a thin balance between personal freedom and societal conformity as per the moral and cultural standards of their communities. His dramaturgy repurposes inherited myths as live tête-à-tête on ideological changes over time, revealing the two forces; tradition and modernization, desire and duty, and personal conviction and societal affirmation. Hence, as his laser-focuses on lived experiences and stories of women, his dramaturgy becomes a vessel for moral thinking and cultural revitalization, ensuring that the redefined traditions open up vistas for gender justice and a humanistic universe.

The Role of Food and Memory in Diaspora Literature

Dr. Beena Yadav — 2024-11-30

Diaspora literature reflects the struggles and negotiations of displaced communities as they navigate between homeland and hostland, tradition and modernity, belonging and alienation. Within this context, food and memory emerge as central motifs in shaping diasporic consciousness. Food functions as a tangible marker of cultural identity, while memory operates as an intangible archive of the past. Together, they preserve cultural traditions, sustain intergenerational continuity, and facilitate the negotiation of hybrid identities in transnational spaces.
This paper examines the symbolic role of food and memory in diaspora literature through close readings of Jhumpa Lahiri, Salman Rushdie, Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, and Bharati Mukherjee. In The Namesake, Lahiri portrays food as both a form of cultural resistance and a medium for intergenerational reconciliation, particularly through Ashima’s culinary practices and Gogol’s shifting relationship with tradition. Rushdie, in Imaginary Homelands and Midnight’s Children, emphasizes the fragmented yet powerful nature of memory, with food serving as a metaphor that links personal belonging to collective national history. Divakaruni’s The Mistress of Spices presents food as magical and transformative, with spices functioning as repositories of memory, healing, and cultural continuity for diasporic characters. Mukherjee’s Jasmine explores how food references highlight alienation and adaptation, dramatizing the fluid and evolving nature of identity in migration.
By drawing upon theoretical perspectives from diaspora and memory studies, this paper argues that food and memory are not peripheral but foundational to diasporic narratives. They operate as living metaphors for survival, cultural preservation, and transformation, enabling literature to capture the emotional and cultural landscapes of migration.

Fake News, Media, and Ethical Concerns: An Analytical study

Dr. Arpita Sneh — 2026-02-28

The rapid expansion of digital communication has significantly transformed the way information is produced and circulated in contemporary society. While digital media platforms have improved access to information, they have also facilitated the rapid spread of misinformation and fake news. The proliferation of false or misleading content can create confusion, deepen social divisions, and influence public perceptions in harmful ways. Moreover, the increasing presence of fake news raises serious concerns regarding the credibility of media institutions and the ethical responsibilities of journalism. This study examines the emergence and spread of fake news within the modern media environment, focusing on its underlying causes, societal and psychological consequences, and implications for media ethics. The paper also evaluates the role of media organizations, policymakers, and the public in addressing this issue. By analyzing existing literature and current practices, the study highlights possible strategies that can help reduce the circulation of fake news and promote responsible information sharing in the digital era.

GST Reforms 2025 and the New Tax Regime in India: Towards Simplified Taxation or Added Complexity

Dr. Manjusha — 2026-02-28

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) reforms proposed for 2025, alongside the introduction and expansion of the New Tax Regime, represent a significant phase in the ongoing restructuring of the indirect and direct tax systems in India. These reforms are officially positioned as measures aimed at simplifying taxation, enhancing compliance, and improving ease of doing business. However, the practical implications of these changes raise critical questions regarding whether they genuinely reduce complexity or introduce new layers of administrative and compliance challenges. This study critically examines the key features of GST Reforms 2025 and the New Tax Regime, with a particular focus on rate rationalization, compliance mechanisms, digital integration, and the withdrawal of exemptions and deductions. Using a qualitative analytical framework supported by secondary data from government reports, policy documents, and existing empirical literature, the article evaluates the reforms’ impact on businesses, micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), and individual taxpayers. The findings suggest that while the reforms contribute to procedural standardization and transparency, they simultaneously increase transitional complexity and compliance costs, especially for smaller economic agents. The study concludes that the effectiveness of GST Reforms 2025 in achieving genuine tax simplification depends on adaptive administrative capacity, taxpayer awareness, and policy stability. The article offers policy-relevant insights for balancing revenue efficiency with taxpayer convenience in India’s evolving tax landscape.

Legal Awareness and Underreporting of Cyber Violence Against Women: A Socio-Legal Analysis in the Indian Context

Ayush Gautam — 2025-11-30

Cyber violence against women has emerged as a pervasive yet underreported form of gender-based harm in the digital age. Despite the existence of legal frameworks and increasing public discourse around cyber laws in India, a significant number of women refrain from reporting online abuse such as cyberstalking, harassment, non-consensual dissemination of intimate content, and digital intimidation. This paper undertakes a socio-legal analysis of the relationship between legal awareness and the persistent underreporting of cyber violence against women in the Indian context. It critically examines whether legal awareness alone is sufficient to empower victims to seek legal redress or whether deeper socio-cultural and institutional barriers continue to silence survivors. Through a doctrinal analysis of statutory provisions under the Information Technology Act, 2000 and relevant sections of the Indian Penal Code, along with an examination of judicial responses and enforcement mechanisms, the study highlights the limitations of law when confronted with patriarchal norms, social stigma, fear of reputational harm, and lack of trust in institutional responses. The paper argues that legal awareness, while necessary, is not a standalone solution to address underreporting. Instead, a holistic approach that integrates legal reform, gender-sensitive enforcement, institutional accountability, and socio-cultural transformation is essential to ensure meaningful access to justice for women facing cyber violence in India.

Narratives of Memory and Ethical Silence in the Works of Kazuo Ishiguro

Kavita Bhadoriya — 2026-02-28

This paper offers a critical reappraisal of the shifting interplay between memory and ethical silence in the fiction of Kazuo Ishiguro, focusing on The Remains of the Day, Never Let Me Go, and Klara and the Sun. Across these works, Ishiguro repeatedly constructs narrators whose engagement with the past is cautious, selective, and emotionally disciplined. Memory does not appear as a neutral record of experience; rather, it functions as a negotiated process through which characters seek coherence and psychological security, often at the cost of confronting uncomfortable moral realities. The paper argues that Ishiguro turns memory into an ethical instrument one that shapes how responsibility, guilt, and personal identity are understood while ethical silence operates alongside it as a strategy of self-preservation achieved through restraint, omission, and understatement.
Drawing on an interdisciplinary framework that brings together narrative theory, ethical philosophy, memory studies, and posthuman thought, the analysis shows that Ishiguro’s moral conflicts are typically internal rather than overtly dramatized. Concepts of unreliable narration illuminate the tension between what narrators say and what remains ethically unresolved. Philosophical perspectives on alterity, responsibility, and narrative selfhood help clarify how selective remembrance and emotional control carry moral weight. At the same time, theories of collective memory and trauma reveal how social structures and institutional pressures shape individual recollection, while posthuman theory provides a lens for understanding ethical subjectivity beyond the human in Klara and the Sun.
A comparative reading of the novels reveals a progression in Ishiguro’s ethical vision. Stevens’s measured recollections mask political and emotional complicity, Kathy H.’s composed voice reflects deeply internalised institutional norms, and Klara’s attentive, non-human perspective suggests an alternative ethical responsiveness. Together, these narratives underscore Ishiguro’s enduring concern with how moral failure often arises not from dramatic wrongdoing, but from quiet patterns of avoidance, silence, and carefully managed memory.

Navigating the Legal Landscape of Genetically Modified Agriculture in India Through a Regional Examination of Farmers' Rights and Compliance in the Gwalior Chambal Division

Ankur Shrotriya — 2026-02-28

The aim of the study was to enquire the degree of legal awareness, behavior of compliance and institutional support level by farmers about GM crops in Gwalior Chambal Division, Madhya Pradesh in India. To gather data, mixed methods approach was applied and structured questionnaires were employed to gather information in 200 sample farmers of the locality, whereas, 15 key informants were interviewed. It was also found that most of the farmers knew about genetically modified crops like the Bt cotton but very small number of them were aware of some very significant legislative systems like the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer’s Rights Act which became applicable in 2001. The inconsistent compliance was found in the course of dealing with seed licensing, verification, and record-keeping. They offered a small level of institutional intervention and the farmers were provided with very little level of legal assistance and technical training. A lot of barriers hindered compliance such as the lack of legal literacy, lack of an adequate system of enforcement, complex policies, and the sheer dominance of the private seed dealers. This study reinforces that more legal trainings, extension, and decentralization of regulations are necessitated to intensify the utilization of genetically modified organisms in the field of agriculture legally and knowledge conventional in the regional districts of India.

Bhartiya adhyatm evam darshan pranali mein janm–maran: ek darshanik mimansa

Dr. Shanker Suman Singh Bhadoria — 2025-08-30

In the Indian spiritual and philosophical system, birth and death are not viewed merely as biological events; rather, they are nourished by diverse interpretative concepts such as karma, rebirth, the soul, and liberation (moksha). The cycle of birth and death itself is considered the source of suffering. It is with the aim of attaining complete freedom from suffering that moksha occupies a special place in Indian philosophy, as it gives primacy to the supreme purpose of the soul. No embodied soul is free from the bondage of birth and death; this process reflects an inevitability of life that lies beyond scientific perspective and human intellect. From the very beginning of human civilization, enlightened individuals have always been eager to understand this mystery: if birth signifies the beginning of life, does death signify merely the end of life, or is it a transformation of state?
Through this research paper, we present a study of various spiritual texts, the orthodox (āstika) and heterodox (nāstika) schools of Indian philosophy, as well as Western philosophy, all of which prove helpful in establishing the significance of birth and death. The central objective of this research paper is to philosophically examine the process of birth and death in order to explore whether it is merely a natural phenomenon or an indicator of the soul’s progression and movement toward liberation. While this dynamism empowers human beings by providing meaning, direction, and purpose, on the other hand, it dispels the fear of death by illuminating inner awareness and granting fearlessness.

Baalakon ke Viruddh Cyber Apradh: Ek Samajik–Vidhik Adhyayan

Deeksha Taneja — 2025-11-30

The rapid expansion of digital technology in India has opened new opportunities for children, but at the same time it has exposed them to various risks of cybercrime. The present research article undertakes a socio-legal study of cybercrimes committed against children, including an analysis of the nature, causes, and impacts of such crimes, as well as the existing legal safeguards available to address them. The study highlights major threats such as cyberbullying, online grooming, identity theft, sexual abuse, and exposure to harmful digital content. It also explains how socio-technical factors such as lack of digital awareness, absence of parental supervision, peer pressure, and technological vulnerability make children more susceptible to cyber risks.
From a legal perspective, the study examines the relevant provisions of the Information Technology Act, 2000; the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012; and the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The analysis reveals that limitations in enforcement mechanisms, challenges in investigation, and inadequate digital literacy further complicate the problem. The study concludes that ensuring children’s online safety requires a comprehensive approach combining effective laws, technological safeguards, and extensive public awareness programs.

Portrayal of Women in Geetanjali Shree’s Mai: Silently Mother

Mahi Mahesh Kottawar — 2025-11-30

Geetanjali Shree is a novelist and short story writer penning in Hindi and English language. Her popularity is recognised by the readers after her receiving Booker Prize in 2022. Her writings mostly focus on women’s issues and answers to the issues concerned. The research paper prominently deals with her novel Mai: Silently Mother published in English in 2017. It narrates three generations of women through the characters of Mai, Dadi and Sunaina. Mai is the protagonist and representative of the generation trapped in modernity and traditional cultural and patriarchal customs which results in internal conflicts regarding accountability and independence. Dadi is the mother-in-law of the protagonist Mai and representative of the stereotype society. She is very strict and disciplined in carrying out set societal cultural standards. Sunaina is the daughter of the protagonist and upholds the modern societal standards and negates stereotypes in the society. For her, freedom and choice matter a lot. She believes in the principle of leading the life independently. She bravely repudiates the long-standing social norms. This research paper contributes to deeply understand the varied experiences of women and on-going struggle for gender equality. It offers some suggestive measures through the feminist angles to eradicate the deadly cancers in the form of traditional cultural and societal norms.

Discourse on the Elderly in Hindi Short Stories

Dr. Abha Gupta — 2025-11-30

The short story is a prose genre that has the capacity to reach every household and every individual in society. Like other prose forms, the short story in Hindi literature also began in the Bhartendu era. The tradition of storytelling has existed since ancient times. Before Bhartendu, fantastical tales were written, which were far removed from real life. The short story portrays every aspect of life. According to social structure, human life is centered around the family. Within this family, there is also an elderly person who is regarded as the head of the household. In ancient times, the elderly were given complete respect and honor, and decisions made by them were accepted by the entire family. However, in the present era, there has been a significant change in this outlook, as a result of which the condition of the elderly has become quite pitiable and distressing.

Reweaving Memory: Narrative Fragmentation and the Multiplicity of Truth in The Penelopiad

Aanchal Raj — 2025-11-30

Myths have long been commonly accepted as stories of indeterminable origination tale-telling the accounts of events which may have instituted a change in the workings of the universe or in the conditions of social life. A dominant pattern evident in most patricentric mythic cultures of the world is the patronisation of gods and male superheroes with extraordinary strength, sidelining the women in the story to mere figures of ornamentation. The foundational Greek epic, The Odyssey by Homer follows similar prototype in singing the tale of the war-hero Odysseus’ tryst on his decades-long adventures in the Trojan war and on the sea back home, while marginalizing Penelope, Odysseus’ wife to an epitome for womankind, and her maids as exemplary corrupt women. This discriminating idolization and vocal repression of women characters have found its reflection into the societies for generations, and has thence, been a gap for feminist writers to utilise for the empowerment of women. Margaret Atwood endeavours to dismantle this very monolithic male authority of the Homeric epic by altering the narrative fragmentation by granting women the voices they are denied, and the epistemology of truth. Atwood has presented the argument to destabilize patriarchal modes of storytelling by juxtaposing Penelope’s retrospective narrative with the polyphonic choral interludes of her maids, while questioning the very notion of the historical authenticity and singular truth. In disintegrating the ideas of voice, form, and memory, Atwood achieves to reclaim the feminist goal to explore silenced perspectives, trace the cracks in the canonical myth-making, and recondition the feminist narratology as one of agency and multiplicity rather than of insignificant passivity. Thus, this study uses the theories of Postmodernism and feminist historiography to explore Atwood’s strategy of “reweaving memory” to foreground the fluidity of “truth” and the ethics of storytelling in the context of gendered mythic retellings.

Yog Sutra mein Chitta ka Niroopan aur uska Manovaigyanik Vishleshan

Priyanka Guleria — 2025-11-30

In the Yoga Sutra, chitta is conceptualized as an inner mechanism that governs human knowledge, emotions, and behavior. Patanjali explains chitta on the basis of its various vrittis (mental modifications), which influence an individual’s mental states and psychological functioning. The present study analyzes the conceptualization of chitta in the Yoga Sutra from a psychological perspective. It elucidates how mental modifications, attachment, aversion, and samskaras (latent impressions) shape personality formation, emotional responses, and behavioral tendencies. Patanjali’s prescribed practices—such as concentration, ethical discipline, mindfulness, and meditation—emerge as effective means for stabilizing the chitta and achieving mental balance. The study further demonstrates that the yogic model of chitta aligns with modern psychological concepts, contributing significantly to the understanding of mental processes, stress regulation, and the management of cognitive disorders. Overall, this yogic conception of chitta provides a robust framework for self-awareness, emotional equilibrium, and holistic mental well-being.

Huqqa in Metallic art and its depiction in painting

Dr. Shailendra Kumar — 2025-11-30

The huqqa, a distinctive emblem of sociocultural refinement, occupies a significant position in India’s artistic and material heritage. This study examines the huqqa both as an object of metallic craftsmanship and as a motif in painting, highlighting its dual existence as a functional artifact and a symbol of aesthetic and social identity. In the domain of metallic art, particularly in brass, copper, and silver, artisans transformed the huqqa into a canvas for exquisite repoussé, engraving, and inlay techniques. These ornamental forms not only display exceptional technical virtuosity but also reflect the opulence and cultural sophistication of Mughal and Rajput courts. Parallelly, its representation in miniature paintings notably those from Mughal, Rajasthani, and Pahari traditions portrays the huqqa as a visual signifier of leisure, intimacy, and courtly decorum. Through a comparative analysis of material objects and visual depictions, this research explores how the huqqa transcended its utilitarian function to embody notions of luxury, status, and ritual sociability. It also investigates how its artistic portrayal facilitated the intersection of gender, power, and cultural exchange in early modern India. By situating the huqqa within the broader discourse of visual and material culture, the study contributes to understanding how artistic expressions shape, preserve, and reinterpret social practices and aesthetic values in the Indian cultural context.

The Language Structure of Chandrakant Devtale’s Poetry

Dr. Banwari Lal — 2025-08-30

An individual’s thoughts are conveyed to others through language. For this purpose, a poet or writer makes extensive use of words in his poetry that are embedded in the language of the common people. Poet Chandrakant Devtale, being closely connected with the rural milieu, has been able to communicate his ideas effectively to readers by employing regional, rural, and indigenous words in his poetic expression. Readers remain continually influenced by his fluent and spontaneous style. It appears as though language itself readily accepts and supports the poet in conveying the thoughts of his heart to the reader. The poet’s distinctive art of imagery seems to naturally inspire him and becomes a witness to the flow of his ideas. In his poetic style, imagery is used with ease and simultaneously creates a sense of curiosity. At places, he erects “trees of voices,” while elsewhere he personifies a stepwell by calling it blind, presenting a vivid and tangible form. In this manner, he proves himself to be a skilled craftsman of language and an expert in its aesthetic refinement.
The poet’s creative skill, expressed through imagery, presents a living testimony of becoming emotionally moved by fountains of memories. Eloquence, clarity of expression, and the presentation of impartial thoughts in a strong and resonant voice emerge as symbols of struggle. Rather than confining his poetry to gentle affection and romantic sentiments, he boldly employs challenging words infused with consciousness and struggle in his compositions. There is no fixed parameter to measure the emotions of a poet’s heart; yet the reader readily accepts an illusory reflection of emotional depth and the elevated range of thought through words and ideas. Such a style and sentiment, imbued with noble thoughts, is clearly reflected in the works of poet Chandrakant Devtale.
In summary, throughout his nearly four-decade-long poetic journey, Devtale has presented poetry enriched with reason and evidence, aligned with the standards of contemporary and new poetry. His works illuminate themes of society, politics, nation, public consciousness, youth awareness, the spirit of the age, new consciousness, Dalit discourse, depiction of nature, and sources of inspiration, offering readers an expansive understanding that transcends the limits of mere summary.

Excise Law and the Confiscation of Vehicles: Deterrence Versus Overreach of Power

Mohammad Parvej — 2025-08-30

The confiscation of vehicles under the Excise Act, 1915 has long been justified by the State as a preventive and deterrent mechanism against the illegal transportation and trade of liquor. However, this practice has sparked serious legal and constitutional concerns, especially in light of increasing allegations of administrative overreach, procedural arbitrariness, and violation of property rights. This research paper critically examines whether such confiscation truly serves its intended purpose of deterrence or if it inadvertently results in a disproportionate curtailment of civil liberties and misuse of state power. Anchored in doctrinal and analytical methodology, the paper studies the statutory scheme under the Excise Act, judicial pronouncements, and comparative legal standards to assess the legitimacy and impact of vehicle confiscation measures. The paper further delves into the tension between State objectives and individual rights under Articles 14, 19(1)(g), and 300A of the Constitution. While the power to confiscate may serve public interest in controlling illicit liquor trade, the research highlights the urgent need for procedural safeguards, proportionality in enforcement, and harmonization of State practices to ensure that such powers are exercised within the bounds of law and justice. By engaging with judicial trends, policy analysis, and constitutional scrutiny, this paper aims to contribute to the broader discourse on balancing deterrence with rights-based governance in the context of excise regulation.

Where the Historical Meets the Personal: A Cultural Materialistic Reading of Manju Kapur’s Difficult Daughters

Tameen Fatma Faruqi — 2025-08-30

This paper offers a cultural materialist reading of Manju Kapur’s Dificult Daughters, exploring the intersection of history and personal experience. Through the lives of three generation of women- Ida, Virmati, and Kasturi- the novel narrates the historical upheavals of India’s Partition, while offering an intimate portrayal of personal narration and historical reflection, Kapur critiques social conventions and examines the impact of national events on individual lives. This paper aims to demonstrate how Kapur’s narrative strategy not only reflects the socio-political conditions of the time but also challenges and critiques traditional gender roles, illustrating the complex dynamics between personal desires and social expectations.

Law relating to Domestic Violence and Women Protection in India: A Critical Study

Ram Shankar — 2023-08-30

Domestic violence remains one of the most pervasive and underreported forms of gender-based violence in India, affecting women across social, economic, and cultural backgrounds. Despite constitutional guarantees of equality, dignity, and personal liberty, women continue to face abuse within the private sphere of the home. This research critically examines the legal framework governing domestic violence in India, with a central focus on the DV Act, 2005, in conjunction with relevant provisions of the Indian Penal Code and constitutional protections under Articles 14, 15, and 21. The study adopts a doctrinal methodology to analyze the statutory provisions, judicial interpretations, and the practical challenges in the implementation of the law. It explores the roles of protection officers, magistrates, and support systems in delivering justice to survivors, and assesses whether the law adequately addresses not only physical violence but also emotional, economic, sexual, and psychological abuse. The research also identifies lacunae in the law’s enforcement, including issues of delayed justice, lack of awareness, patriarchal bias, and institutional insensitivity. By critically engaging with landmark judgments, legal commentaries, and governmental reports, the study offers insights into how the law can be strengthened to provide more effective protection and empowerment for women. The research concludes by recommending policy reforms, capacity building, and increased socio-legal awareness as key steps toward eliminating domestic violence and ensuring substantive gender justice in India.